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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "NumPy的主要对象是同种元素的多维数组。这是一个所有的元素都是一种类型、通过一个正整数元组索引的元素表格(通常是元素是数字)。在NumPy中维度(dimensions)叫做轴(axes)，轴的个数叫做秩(rank)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### NumPy的数组类被称作ndarray。通常被称作数组。注意numpy.array和标准Python库类array.array并不相同，后者只处理一维数组和提供少量功能。更多重要ndarray对象属性有： \n",
    "#### ndarray.ndim \n",
    "数组轴的个数，在python的世界中，轴的个数被称作秩 \n",
    "#### ndarray.shape \n",
    "数组的维度。这是一个指示数组在每个维度上大小的整数元组。例如一个n排m列的矩阵，它的shape属性将是(2,3),这个元组的长度显然是秩，即维度或者ndim属性 \n",
    "#### ndarray.size \n",
    "数组元素的总个数，等于shape属性中元组元素的乘积。 \n",
    "#### ndarray.dtype \n",
    "一个用来描述数组中元素类型的对象，可以通过创造或指定dtype使用标准Python类型。另外NumPy提供它自己的数据类型。 \n",
    "#### ndarray.itemsize \n",
    "数组中每个元素的字节大小。例如，一个元素类型为float64的数组itemsiz属性值为8(=64/8),又如，一个元素类型为complex32的数组item属性为4(=32/8). \n",
    "#### ndarray.data \n",
    "包含实际数组元素的缓冲区，通常我们不需要使用这个属性，因为我们总是通过索引来使用数组中的元素。 "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from numpy import *\n",
    "a = arange(15).reshape(3,5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4],\n",
       "       [ 5,  6,  7,  8,  9],\n",
       "       [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(3, 5)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.shape"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.ndim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'int32'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.dtype.name"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "4"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.itemsize"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.size"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "numpy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b = array([6,7,8])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([6, 7, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "numpy.ndarray"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "type(b)"
   ]
  }
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